En Chile las llamamos callampas a todas menos a los champignons.

También se conocen por el nombre se hongos o setas.

Dudo que haya un nombre en inglés para cada variedad de hongo que se consume en México... aparte de setas, champiñones y portobellos, hay trompetas, patitas, clavitos, señoritas, mantecosos, yemitas, joletes, orejas, deditos...
...y ni hablar de los alucinógenos y los venenosos. :D

Carmen, if I understand your question, you're asking someone who is a native English-speaker to help you see how we distinguish between different varieties of mushroom. Is that correct?

I have to say that probably 95% of Americans don't care if there is more than one kind of mushroom. Sadly enough. Most people who want to cook with mushrooms just buy generic "mushrooms" in the produce section of the grocery store without questioning the TYPE of mushroom. Probably some Americans would recognize the term "portabello" as a type of mushroom, but couldn't pick one out if they saw one. We're pathetic, aren't we?

Yeah, okay, so there are THOSE kinds of mushrooms. But we Yanks would call them "shrooms". Not that I know anything about shrooms....... :whistling:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanterelle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactarius_deliciosus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boletus_edulis

Just to show how complicated this can be, this link gives a table of edible mushrooms and their common names. These names are all specific to a species, so as @anglica said, you won't find English names for mushrooms found only in Mexico.

Yankees still call 'em all "mushrooms". :D

'Shroom is a new term for me. Even though Perikle's list say puff balls are edible, I hope I never have to eat them.

Seriously? It's a kind of "controlled substance". They are hallucinogenic. When someone is on a "trip", they're said to be "shrooming". See this: http://eldd.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index17341EN.html

Contigo aprendí

That's the magic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis