Las Matemáticas — Mathematics
 

Resta^NF - Subtraction

Spanish	English
restaNF, sustracciónNF	subtraction
restar	to subtract, to minus
restar 5 de 10	subtract 5 from 10
minuendoNM	minuend
sustraendoNM	subtrahend
diferenciaNF	difference
Cuatro menos tres es igual a uno.	Four minus three equals one.

Suma^NF - Addition

Spanish	English
sumar	to add, to sum
Dos más tres es igual a cinco.	Two plus three equals five.

División^NF - Division

Spanish	English
dividir	to divide
Diez entre dos es igual a cinco.	Two into ten equals five.
Diez dividido por dos es igual a cinco.	Ten divided by two equals five.

Multiplicación^NF - Multiplication

Spanish	English
multiplicar	to multiply
5 por 5 son 25	5 times 5 makes 25
Tres por dos es igual a seis.	Three times two equals six.
Tres multiplicado por dos es igual a seis.	Three multiplied by two equals six.

Campos^NMP - Fields

Spanish	English
álgebraNM	algebra
cálculoNM	calculus
aritméticaNF	arithmetic
geometríaNF	geometry
análisisNM	analysis
topologíaNF	topology
probabilidadNF	probability
estadísticaNF	statistics
matemática discretaNF	discrete mathematics
teoría de númerosNF	number theory
aritméticaNF	arithmetic
combinatoriaNF	combinatorics
ecuaciones diferencialesNFP	differential equations
lógicaNF	logic

Tipos^NMP de número^NM - Types of number

Spanish	English
número realNM	real number
enteroNM	integer
ceroNM	zero
negativo	negative
positivo	positive
racional	rational
irracional	irrational
fracción	fraction

General

Spanish	English
igualdadNF	equality
descomposiciónNF en factoresNMP	factoring
factorNM	factor
ecuaciónNF	equation
variableNF	variable
coordenadaNF	coordinate
verificaciónNF	proof
raíz cúbicaNF	cubed root
raíz cuadradaNF	square root
piNM	pi
exponenteNM	exponent
signo radicalNM	radical sign
a la quinta potencia	to the fifth power
potenciaNF	power
incógnitaNF	unknown
sistemaNM de coordenadasNFP Cartesianas	Cartesian coordinate system
ejeNM de las x	x axis
ejeNM de las abscisas	x axis
ejeNM de las y	y axis
ejeNM de las ordenadas	y axis
senoNM	sine
cosenoNM	cosine
tangenteNF	tangent
divisiónNF	ratio
hipotenusaNF	hypotenuse
cateto adyacenteNM	adjacent leg, adjacent side
cateto opuestoNM	opposite leg, opposite side
ángulo rectoNM	90 degree angle, right angle
triángulo rectánguloNM	right triangle, right angle triangle
triángulo equiláteroNM	equilateral triangle
triángulo isóscelesNM	isosceles triangle
triángulo escalenoNM	scalene triangle
teoremaNM	theorem
polígonoNM	polygon
pendienteNF	slope, gradient
triánguloNM	triangle
ánguloNM	angle
gradoNM	degree
unidadesNFP	units, ones
décimasNFP	tens
centésimasNFP	hundreds
milésimasNFP	thousands
integral	integral
derivada	derivative
logaritmoNM	logarithm, log
logaritmoNM neperiano	napierian logarithm, natural logarithm, natural log
límiteNM	limit
límite tiende a infinito	limit tends to infinity

La variable es femenino y pi también es correcto.

I'd like to know, in English:

- Menos (and igual a) (from?):
4 - 3 =
Cuatro menos tres es igual a

- Más (and?):
2 + 3 =
Dos más tres igual a

- Dividido por (o entre) (divided?):
5 : 2 =
Cinco entre dos (o dividido por dos) es igual a

- Multiplicado por:
3 · 2 =
Tres por dos igual a

Se puede decir, Math
O en Inglaterra "Maths" (Pienso)

@David: "la variable" is correct. And "el (número) pi". :)

In Mexico we use "las matemáticas" in plural. :)

Some additions:

Campos (los) - Fields
Trigonometría (la) - trigonometry


Seno (el) - sine
Coseno (el) - cosine
Tangente (la) - tangent
División (la) - ratio
Hipotenusa (la) - hypotenuse
Cateto adyacente (el) - adjacent leg
Cateto opuesto (el) - opposite leg
Ángulo recto (el) - 90 degree angle
Triángulo rectángulo (el) - right triangle
Triángulo equilátero (el) - equilateral triangle
Triángulo isósceles (el) - isosceles triangle
Triángulo escaleno (el) - scalene triangle
Teorema (el) - theorem
Polígono (el) - Polygon
pendiente (la) - Slope

All suggestions have been added. Thanks! :)

Integral: integral
Derivada: derivative
Límite: (limit?)
Límite tiende a infinito: (limit tends to infinite?)
Logaritmo: logarithm
Logaritmo neperiano: ? logarithm

Coordinate is coordenada.

Números pares e impares = even and odd

Números primos = prime numbers

It would be nice to remember counting units, tens and hundrends (unidades, decimas y centesimas) especially because The British and The americans do it differently.

A few more additions

A few small additions.

Division:
El resto**: remainder
El resto de 10 entre 3 es 1: the remainder of 10 divided by 3 is 1; 10 divided by 3 leaves 1

** ¡Muy distinto de "la resta"!

Campos:
La geometría: geometry
La combinatoria: combinatorics
La probabilidad: probability
La estadística: statistics

Classification of mathematical statements (group with el teorema):
El axioma: axiom
La conjetura: conjecture
La hipótesis: hypothesis

Important general terms:
El conjunto: set
El grupo: group
El cuerpo: field
El binomio: binomial
El polinomio: polynomial
La relación binaria: binary relation
La función: function
inyectiva: injective
sobreyectiva: surjective

Types of number:
imaginario: imaginary
complejo: complex

As I start my school year (it's almost Fall in the northern hemisphere), I'll start making a list as I encounter them of Algebra terms that I think would be important (and for which I'd like to know the Spanish equivalents). I will have an entire class this year of ESOL students ("English as a Second Language"), the grand majority of whom are Spanish speakers with very little (if any) background in English. This class will be team taught with an ESOL expert (who is a VERY dynamic teacher!). Neither of us is very fluent in Spanish....

Here's a list from our first week of discussions about content:
Inverse
Opposite (i.e. Additive Inverse)
Reciprocal (i.e. Multiplicative Inverse)
Commutative Property
Associative Property
Distributive Property
Identity (in other words, Additive Identity or Multiplicative Identity)
Operations (which includes addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.)
Grouping Symbols
Parentheses
Expression
Terms (in an expression)
Like Terms

My ESOL/Algebra class this year is going well. 25 out of the 28 students are native Spanish speakers and usually enjoy the fact that I am trying to learn to speak Spanish. Although on Friday I heard something like "No me gusta que la profesora puede entender el español" or something similar. :)

Anyway - I have been trying to do one-on-one explanations with the Spanish speakers using as much Spanish as I can (when I know I am correct). We use the word "equis" a lot. :) But I have found that I don't know how to say "x squared" in Spanish. I know that "square" is "cuadro". Is "x squared" said as "x cuadrado"? So if I were reading an expression, I would say something like this: (x^2 + 3x) would be "equis cuadrado más tres equis". ??? "Cuadrado"???

Four minus three equals...
Two plus three equals ...
Five divided by two equals...
Three times two equals... :)

"Al cuadrado" (x³ al cubo, y después a la cuarta, a la quinta, etc. [potencia])

Equis al cuadrado más tres equis. :)

Thanks, Perikles :)

Thank you very much! So could you say either "equis al cuadrado" OR "equis a la segunda"?

I've always said "al cuadrado o al cubo", never "a la segunda o a la tercera". But I'm not sure if in other countries it's possible (or even in mine). Sorry :sad:

Es como las raíces: raíz cuadrada, raíz cúbica y después raíz cuarta, etc. Yo no diría raíz segunda ni tercera :thinking:

In English, we can say "x squared" OR "x to the second power" and "x cubed" OR "x to the third power". Both are equally acceptable, and I teach both.

With the roots, I would only ever say "square root", but could easily exchange "third root" for "cube root".

English is a strange language.......... :)

En México se dice "equis cuadrada".

x cubed is an "equis al cubo"... sometimes (not too often) "equis cúbica"

Raise to a power is "elevar a la [cuarta, quinta, etc.] potencia"

As for the roots, it's the same as Irma has said.


By the way, Lou Ann, all the letters (and variables) in Spanish are always referred to in feminine. ;)

Yes, I've made a search and you can say "x a la segunda o a la tercera". That's correct, but it's more common "al cuadrado y al cubo" ;) (it's been a long time I don't study maths) :)

it's been long time since I studied maths.:good: :rolleyes::)

I can say, in Spanish:

Hace mucho tiempo que no estudio matemáticas
Ha pasado mucho tiempo desde que estudiaba matemáticas.

But thanks again :)

I have not studied maths for a long time
It has been a long time since I studied maths
A long time has passed since ...

no se puede utilizar since con negativa :thinking:

OK, I didn't know. Thanks :)

Aqui las normas en Inlgés son complicadas.

Help!! pjt33????

I haven't studied maths since secondary school. :good:
I haven't studied maths since I was at secondary school. :good:
Since he failed to get that job he's been moping about the house. :good:
Since he didn't get that job he's been moping about the house. :good::thinking: Feels fairly informal to me. I'd avoid this construction myself because "since" has the alternative meaning of "because" and here I have a sense that I'm trying to understand it in that sense, failing, and falling back on the sense of "in the period of time from then to now".

Entonces no sé cuál es la regla que Perikles invoca, pero tampoco sé por qué lo ha mencionado, puesto que (¡since!) la frase de Irma no contenía la palabra "since".


Hace mucho tiempo que + verbo perfecto = Verbo perfecto + for a long time.
E.g. Hace mucho tiempo que soy profesor = I've been a teacher for a long time.
Hace mucho tiempo que no estudio las mates = I haven't studied maths for a long time.

In the U.S., we always use math instead of maths.
It's been a long time since I studied math.
I hate math.
Who is your math teacher?
When do you have math?

That's why I asked for help, I don't know the formal rule here. I just wanted to say that you can't say it's been a long time since + (a negative), such as it's been a long time since I don't study maths :bad:

Saying "Ever since he didn't get that job..." avoids confusion
re: since/because.

hermit

"It's been a long time since" is already a negative construction, so it's probably just a special case of the general prohibition against double negatives. Shrug.

Hermit, good point.

How about doing binary (base2) arithmetic in Spanish, using just the digits 0 and 1?

Also in logic we can use the symbols 0 and 1 to represent two mutually opposite states such as on and off, or true and false? In this system the symbols . and + are used to mean AND and OR

integral de superficie = surface integral
integral de línea = line integral
integral múltiple = multiple integral
integración = integration

coordenadas polares = polar coordinates
coordenadas esféricas = spherical coordinates
coordenadas cilíndricas = cylindrical coordinates

diferenciable = differentiable
diferenciabilidad = differentiability
diferenciación = differentiation

continuidad = continuity
continuo = continuous

función derivable = differentiable function (in 1 dimension)
función diferenciable = differentiable function (in multiple dimensions)
función continua = continuous function
derivada parcial = partial derivative

conjunto = set
subconjunto = subset
intervalo = interval

dimensión = dimension
dominio = domain
rango = range

polinomio = polynomial

Why didn't this thread show when I looked under Forums/Vocabulary/Vocabulary by topic? I had to do a search on forum titles.... ???

Anyway - it occurred to me this morning (while teaching about fractions to a group of Spanish speaking students) that I don't know how fractions are worded in Spanish.

one-half two-halves
one-third two-thirds
one-fourth two-fourths three-fourths
one-fifth two-fifths three-fifths
one-sixth
one-seventh
one-eighth
one-ninth
one-tenth

etc....

Thanks!

:):):)

Thanks, Hernan! Now, when you say "etc.", I'm not sure how to generically determine the "n-th" denominator. In English, we add "-th" if it's a unique number name (seventeenth, twentieth, etc.), and if it ends with "one" through "nine", the ending is the same as that number (twenty-third, fifty-ninth, etc.) How would I determine, say, how to say "eight elevenths" or "fifteen twenty-thirds", etc.?

onceavos = elevenths
doceavos = twelfths
treceavos = thirteenths...
veinteavos = twentieths

dos quinceavos = two fifteenths
trece dieciochavos = thirteen eighteenths

I think that's how it goes, in answer to your question Lou Ann. :)

VERY helpful! Thanks!! :)

Yes, thank you Ambarina.

However, I wanted to go to the "undécimo" form, and I could not remember what is it that they are called...

Ok, Lou Ann, you are a Math teacher...

Numbers: Cardinals, ordinals is there any other?

What's "undécimo" form?

I think that most people would just say that there are cardinal and ordinal numbers. I've read somewhere about "nominal" numbers (numbers that name something like a number on a sports jersey or something like that), but I don't know how conventional that is. In a mathematics class, we talk about real numbers, rational and irrational numbers, integers, whole numbers and natural or counting numbers. Those are probably not practical or "every-day" numbers that anyone but a math teacher would use..... :p

Algebraic, transcendental, imaginary, complex, surreal, ... But this is a different distinction from cardinal vs ordinal (in either sense - 3 vs 3rd or set-theoretic).

And I don't think many people talk about "quaternion numbers" (just "quaternions"), but computer games programmers use them a lot.

Yes - I think that so many of those "groups" or "designations" of numbers are only used in mathematics...

But ... I have never heard of "quaternions". What exactly are they??

Ok I got it.

Go to http://spanish.about.com/od/spanishv.../a/ordinal.htm

for a complete list of ordinals.

and this one: http://www.learn-spanish-online.de/g..._fractions.htm

for a list of fractional numbers. :-)

Thanks for the links! They are fantastic! :)

By the way - you didn't answer my question about the "quaternions". What are they? :)

Chileno didn't mention them: I did. They're one of the division ring* extensions of the reals (along with complex numbers and octonions). Short version: they're what complex numbers would be if they had three orthogonal imaginary parts. They turn out to give a useful representation for rotations in 3D.

* This is a correction from earlier.

Trigonometry and Calculus, right?

Algebra.

Not basic Algebra, though. Complex numbers aren't even introduced until a post-Geometry Algebra II course....

I know more about the future subjunctive in Spanish than I do about US mathematics syllabi. Buscares por donde buscares dudo que encontrares nada sobre ello en ningún libro moderno de gramática porque ya no existe, pero de todas formas me es más útil.

Basic Algebra really only gets into very simple equation solving and line graphing. There are some other brief introductory topics like statistical graphing and a VERY brief intro to parabolas and quadratic equations, etc. Everything is VERY basic! Complex numbers would be out of the question!