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Yes, they are the same. Almost all Japanese kanjis are from China. You have two phonetical ways to read a kanji in Japanese, the Chinese(on'yomi) way and the Japanese(kun'yomi) way. (when you use a kanji alone, you read it in kun'yomi, when you use it combined with another, you read in on'yomi)
一 here it is pronunced ichi (kun'yomi, Japanese way). It means one.
一人 here 一 is pronunced hito (on'yomi, Chinese way, it means the same as before) because it is combined with another kanji: 人 that here is pronunced as ri, acting as a counter for people. So it is hito(one)ri(counter for people) -> hitori, that means alone.
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Please, don't hesitate to correct my English.
'Time is a sort of river of passing events, and strong is its current; no sooner is a thing brought to sight than it is swept by and another takes its place, and this too will be swept away.' M.A.
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