Hi Becky!
The short answer is:
¿Crees que el gas aumentE esta semana? ---> is asking an opinion
¿Crees que el gas aumentA esta semana? --->(not very common) it has a tweak from subjunctive -default case- to indicative in order to add a nuance.
¿No crees que SEA tarde para salir? ---> is asking an opinion (it may be regarded as information)
¿No crees que ES tarde para salir?---> again, it has a tweak from subjunctive -default case- to indicative in order to add a nuance.
Nuances:
[not requiring other context/ managed with intonation and look]
¿No crees que ES tarde para salir? ---> what's your opinion? -but you should know I think it is-
¿No crees que ES tarde para salir? ---> what's your opinion? -but you should know I expect you to answer affirmatively-
¿No crees que ES tarde para salir? ---> what's your opinion? -but you should know I'm afraid you're gonna answer affirmatively-
[generally requiring context]
¿Crees que el gas aumentA esta semana? ---> do you have such erroneous piece of information?
¿Crees que el gas aumentA esta semana? ---> would you bet that?
¿Crees que el gas aumentA esta semana? ---> I trust you and I'll do as if what you reply is true - what you say settles it or dispels any doubt, in my opinion.
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