[chileno]

Originally Posted by Ambarina

Barro is definitely thicker than Lodo, like Rusty said. If there's a flood, the sediment left in the streets and houses is lodo which as it dries turns into barro.
Barro would be the equivalent generic word for mud.
A potter works with barro or arcilla a makes "vasijas de barro"

Fango is a mixture of earth, stagnant/still water, algae, etc. i.e. disgusting smelly, slippery stuff.

Cieno/limo is the silt at the bottom of a lake or river bed.

Limo can also be found in water treatment plants.

Arcilla is clay. Suelo arcilloso would be clay soil, which is what I've got in my garden.

In Chile we have white arcilla and red arcilla, the red one we call it "greda"