[wrholt]

Your questions point to an important fact: the verb systems of English and Spanish are different, and many forms in one language can have a mix of different translation equivalents in the other language depending on context and intended meaning.

The three English versions for each Spanish sentence are all valid. Which translation is better than the others depends entirely on the context in which the sentence occurs; if the sentence is spoken rather than written, then intonation can also indicate which translation is appropriate.

Regarding the comparison of *do* and hacer: these two verbs partially overlap in meaning, but each is used in ways that cannot be translated by using the other.

The verb *do* is used both as a main verb and as an auxiliary verb. As an auxiliary verb within a positive verb phrase in a statement, including *do* typically indicates emphasis or contrast, while not including "do" is neutral.

The verb hacer is often a translation equivalent for *do* as a main verb. However, hacer never functions as an auxiliary in the manner of *do*, and it is not used as one of the ways to indicate emphasis or contrast in Spanish.