I wanted to share that, for me, "understand" and "comprehend" are completely synonymous in the contexts Laepelba is using. I'd have to intentionally search for nuance if I was told there was a difference; that is, it wouldn't have come to me initially upon hearing those sentences.
I hear "comprehend" used less frequently than "understand" so, for me, it has more of a formal sound but no difference in meaning for the two contexts above.
For example,
I comprehend what you are saying.
would sound somewhat pretentious to my ears.
Also, for me,
She truly comprehends the gravity of her situation.
biases the profundity of the meaning associated with "comprehends" since "truly" and "gravity" lend, well, more gravity
to the statement and to the activity of comprehending, but not to the basic meaning of "comprehends" itself.
Therefore, if I heard,
She truly understands the gravity of her situation.
I'd give as much weight to the "understanding/comprehension/awareness of" activity represented by "understands" as I do for "comprehends".
And it would initially sound like a contradiction to me if I heard,
I understand you but I don't comprehend you.
So would,
I comprehend you but I don't understand you.
I'd have to go to the next category of meaning for "comprehend", that of "including, comprising, embracing", or another category of meaning for "understand" such as "thoroughly familar with something and its subtleties" to make sense of these statements.
There is a meaning of "comprehend" in English which I think Irma's sentence
Te entiendo pero no te comprendo.
shows Spanish also shares in its verb "comprender". It is the idea of
inclusion/containment which can be extended in many ways, physically, emotionally, etc. So the sentence
I understand you but I don't comprehend you.
might mean, among multiple interpretations in English, "I understand you but I don't share your views." or "I'm completely familiar with who you are but I don't get why you're that way."
In any case, "entender", "comprender", "understand", and "comprehend" are such great verbs!