Gerundio & Estar

[DeterminadoAprender]

¿Usted utiliza "estar" con gerundio en el pretérito tensé?

Por ejemplo,
Pasé tiempo con lo ESTAMOS jugando desportes

[Rusty]

Your sentence is OK, but doesn't contain estar. I thought your question was asking about estar.
Pasé tiempo con mi hermana jugando deportes.
= I spent time with my sister playing sports.

El gerundio in Spanish has some similarities to the English gerund, but they are not always the same. Could you rephrase your question, please?

[DeterminadoAprender]

I was asking if you include "estar" when you use gerund in the past tense. Or it isn't in the past tense?

[Rusty]

The use of estar + gerundio constitutes the progressive tense.
estoy comiendo = I am eating
estaba comiendo = I was eating
estuve comiendo = I was eating
estaré comiendo = I will be eating
estaría comiendo = I would be eating
he estado comiendo = I have been eating
había estado comiendo = I had been eating

The progressive tense is one way to use the gerund. There are others, some of similar to the way they are used in English, some not. Your original sentence didn't contain a progressive tense, so you were using a gerund in one of the other ways.

I just noticed you changed your original sentence. It isn't correct, now. What are you trying to say?

[DeterminadoAprender]

It isn't part of that paragraph. It's just a sentence I randomly made up. Since I'm still learning... should I use estar with the gerund?

[Rusty]

It depends on what you want to say. The gerund, a verb with -ando or -iendo endings, is used in progressive tenses. It is also used elsewhere. In the former spot (a progressive tense), the verb estar always precedes the gerund. In the latter cases, the verb estar never precedes the gerund.

The original sentence you had, which I copied to post #2 (corrected spelling of deportes), was a great example of a gerund used to describe a previous action. You weren't using a progressive tense, so you didn't need the verb estar.
So, it depends entirely on what you want to use the gerund for.

The gerund has several uses:
1) it is the latter part of the progressive tenses, e.g., estoy comiendo (I'm eating)
2) it is the first part of some compound tenses, e.g., habiendo sido (having been)
3) it is used to describe simultaneous action, e.g., cocinamos cantando (we cook (while) singing)
4) it is used to describe previous action, e.g., cociné cantando (I cooked (while) singing)
5) it is used to introduce a clause, e.g., Viene causando mucho ruido. (It is coming, causing a lot of noise.)
6) it defines a characteristic, e.g., La chica, viendo que el perro la amenazaba, se fue. (The girl, seeing that the dog was threatening her, left.)

[CrOtALiTo]

Originally Posted by DeterminadoAprender

¿Usted utiliza "estar" con gerundio en el pretérito tensé?

Por ejemplo,
Pasé tiempo con lo ESTAMOS jugando desportes

I will do some corrections.

Pasé tiempo con lo que estabamos jugando desportes.

You example does make sence, because I don't find sence, you are saying Estamos jungado deportes, this phrase without the Pase tiempo con lo, it's correct the phrase, but you need to do use the future in your verb.

I hope my example to be useful for you.

[Tomisimo]

The term gerund (gerundio) refers to the -ing, -ando, -iendo form of a verb when it is used as a noun. This rarely, if ever, happens in Spanish; the infinitive form is used instead. For example:

Walking is fun. ("walking" is a noun) = El camiar es divertido.
I enjoy singing in the choir. ("singing" is a noun) = Disfruto cantar en el coro.
The -ing, -ando, -iendo form of a verb is known as a present participle (participio presente), when it is used as a verb or in a verb construction. For example:

I am walking down the street. = Estoy caminando por la calle.
I was running beside the river. = Estuve corriendo junto al río.

[DeterminadoAprender]

Thanks everyone for clarifying this concept!

[Rusty]

This page may be helpful to you, too.

[CrOtALiTo]

You're welcome.

[lee ying]

yes i think the same whit david:
estar is a verb.. in engish is ( to be) es conjugado de esta manera:
to be ( estar)
i am: yo estoy
you are:tu estas
he is: el esta
she is: ella esta
it is: esto esta
we are: nosotros estamos.
they are: ellos estan
you are: ustedes estan.
now The term gerund (gerundio) refers to the -ing, -ando, -iendo . examples:
1.-i´m sinnging: you can say: yo estoy cantando or estoy cantando it´s the same way.
2.-you´re watching tv on line . tu estas viendo television en linea; estas viendo television en linea.
3.they´re talking good things about you: ellos estan hablando cosas buenas de ti; estan hablando buenas cosas de ti.
4.- we are playing football soccer everyweekend ;nosotros estamos jugando football soccer cada fin de semana; estamos jugando fotball socer cada fin de semana.
that´s right?.

[poli]

Yes it's right, but pay attention to what Tomísimo wrote in post 8 of this segment. It explains the unique use of the gerund not as a the progressive version of verb, but as a noun. As he wrote and I wish to reiterate, in Spanish the infinitive of the verb can be used as a noun. In English it can be too, but much more commonly we use the gerund.

It's good to be aware of this fine point. Ask if you have questions about
it. As you know, people are happy to help.

[Rusty]

Sorry to differ in opinion with Poli and David, but my understanding is that any Spanish word ending in -ando/-iendo,-yendo is called a gerundio, no matter how it is used in a sentence. This includes when it appears in the progressive tenses. What we in English call the present participle is called el gerundio in Spanish.

gerundio.
(Del lat. gerundĭum).

1. m. Gram. Forma invariable no personal del verbo, cuya terminación regular, en español, es -ando en los verbos de la primera conjugación, -iendo o -yendo en los de la segunda y tercera. Amando, temiendo, partiendo. Suele denotar acción o estado durativos. Estoy leyendo. Seguiré trabajando. Tiene más generalmente carácter adverbial, y puede expresar modo, condición, tiempo, motivo, concesión y otras circunstancias. Vino corriendo. Hablando se entiende la gente. Se emplea a veces en construcciones absolutas. Consultando el diccionario, descubrí esa palabra

participio.
(Del lat. participĭum).

1. m. Gram. Forma no personal del verbo, susceptible de recibir marcas de género y número, que se asimila frecuentemente al adjetivo en su funcionamiento gramatical. En español, puede formar tiempos compuestos y perífrasis verbales.
2. m. Gram. participio pasivo.
3. m. ant. Comunicación o trato.
~ activo.
1. m. Gram. Tradicionalmente, forma verbal procedente del participio de presente latino, que en español, con terminación en -nte, se ha integrado casi por completo en la clase de los adjetivos o en la de los sustantivos.
~ pasivo.
1. m. Gram. El que se emplea para la formación de los tiempos compuestos, de la voz pasiva y de otras perífrasis verbales. Ha salido. Fue construida. Te lo tengo dicho. Es regular si termina en -ado o -ido; p. ej., escrito, impreso, hecho. Algunos participios pasivos admiten a veces interpretación activa; p. ej., callado, 'el que calla', atrevido, 'el que se atreve'. Muchos admiten interpretación adjetival en unos casos y verbal en otros; p. ej., aislado, acertado, reducido, complicado.

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Latin had both a present participle and a past participle. El gerundio is a more limited form of Latin's present participle, hence the name change. In most grammar books written in Spanish, you'll see references to el gerundio and el participio. That's why I listed the two definitions above.

Lo que sigue fue extraído del "Esbozo de una nueva gramática de la lengua española", publicado desde 1973 por Real Academia Española:

Del sistema latino de formas infinitivas o no personales solo han pasado a la lengua española el infinitivo, el gerundio y el participio; el primero solo en su forma activa y de presente; el gerundio como forma invariable, privado de sus morfemas de flexión nominal, y el participio, privado también de ellos, como todas las palabras nominales en español, pero con variación de género y número, como los nombres adjetivos, cuando funciona fuera de las formas compuestas de la flexión.

[poli]

Then, genund and gerundio are false cognates, because the gerund has a
distinctive role in English, and we distinguish gerund (a verb given the role of a noun) from the present progressive (el gerundio in Spanish).

[Rusty]

Correct. An English gerund is used as a noun. The Spanish gerundio is never used as a noun. So, they are falsos amigos.

[Elaina]

Vaya!

Hemos aprendido que la misma palabra puede tener significado opuestos

- Y -

Ahora nos tenemos que preocupar de falsos amigos


con razón muchas personas prefieren hablar el idioma y no aprender la gramática.......deben estar de acuerdo conmigo cuando digo que la gramática es como el universo......nunca se le vé el fín y te puedes perder muy facilmente.

A ver que aprendemos más delante.....

[Tomisimo]

Originally Posted by poli

Then, genund and gerundio are false cognates, because the gerund has a
distinctive role in English, and we distinguish gerund (a verb given the role of a noun) from the present progressive (el gerundio in Spanish).

Originally Posted by Rusty

Correct. An English gerund is used as a noun. The Spanish gerundio is never used as a noun. So, they are falsos amigos.

Good points. I was wrong.