Past participles

Past participles
 

'Traído por las olas', instead should it not be 'trajo por las olas' since Traído is a past participle and must have an auxiliary before it.

Attention: "Trajo" needs a subject (third person singular), but there is none in that phrase.

This is an elision of the passive voice: ser + past participle

( Fue / es / ha sido ) + traído por las olas.


I think this can only happen with the verb "ser". That definitely doesn't happen with "haber" and I can't think of any true examples of this happening with "estar". :thinking:

...the same as "born the 4th of July" ---> "nacido/nacida/nacidos/nacidas el cuatro de julio" ---> el ha nacido el 4 de julio / ella ha nacido ... / ellos han nacido... / ellas han nacido

brought by the waves = traído/a/os/as por las olas