A mi me late que ...

A mi me late que ...
 

It means I suspect that or I have a feeling that...
Is this generally understood, or is it particular to Colombia?

You are right. It normally means "tener una corazonada" (to have a hunch), and it's quite common in Mexico. Actually, there is a government lottery game that is called "Melate", precisely because you trust your hunchs to choose a combination of numbers which are sorted three days a week, I think. :D

- A mí me late que va a llover. = Tengo la corazonada de que va a llover.
I think it's going to rain.
- Si te late que está mal, no lo hagas. = Si tienes la corazonada de que está mal, no lo hagas.
If you feel that it's wrong, don't do it.

But sometimes, it means that you want to do something:
- Juan dijo que le latía hacer algo nuevo y renunció a su trabajo.
Juan said he felt like doing something new and quit his job.
- Me latió mandar el currículum a esa empresa y me ofrecieron un mejor trabajo.
I thought it was a good idea to send my résumé to this company and they offered me a better job.
- Si te late irte de viaje y puedes pagarlo, no lo pienses.
If you really want to go on a trip and can afford it, just do it.

En Chile se usa "me late" para decir que aburre.
¡Qué lata! = qué aburrido o qué aburrimiento.
Significa también flojera o poca voluntad:
"Me dá lata levantarme"
"Me latea salir con esta lluvia"
"Me latea salir con ese latoso" = No me dan ganas de salir con ese aburrido.
"Qué vida tan latosa" = qué vida sin sentido.
Y mucho más, pero no quiero latearlos.
:banghead:

I see the similarity, because dar latidos and dar lata have very different meanings.