Quote:
Originally Posted by irmamar
I'd like to know if I might use US instead of United States in a formal text.
Thanks. 
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It may depend on the expectations of your target audience and on whether there is the potential of confusing two entities that have similar or identical abbreviations.
You have 3 choices:
1. United States
2. U.S. (with periods)
3. US (without periods)
I recommend using US (without periods) only in longer acronyms that you have previously defined. I recommend using U.S. only to abbreviate United States at the beginning of a name that you are otherwise writing out in full. For example:
1. United States Department of Agriculture
2. U.S. Department of Agriculture
3. USDA
Depending on the subject of the document, you may find that you cannot use acronyms or partial abbreviations without risking confusion. For example, depending on context, USA or U.S.A. may refer to either the United States of America or to the United States Army, or it may be ambiguous. Depending on how careful you need to be to avoid misinterpretation on the part of your reader, you may prefer to write United States every time.