Check this sentence, please

[irmamar]

I want to say:

Los estudiantes empezaron a radicalizarse y aumentó la hostilidad hacia el capitalismo.

Students became radicalised and hostility towards (against?) capitalism increased.

Thanks.

[poli]

Students became radicalized as hostility toward capitalism increased.

[Perikles]

Students started to radicalize themselves, and hostility towards capitalism increased.

[AngelicaDeAlquezar]

Intuitively I would have used "towards" too, but why not "against"?

[Perikles]

Originally Posted by AngelicaDeAlquezar

Intuitively I would have used "towards" too, but why not "against"?

It is simply that hostility is always towards something, never against. Don't blame me.

[AngelicaDeAlquezar]

I get it, thank you.

[poli]

The use of toward and torwards is a matter of personal choice. Both are
correct.

[pjt33]

Originally Posted by Perikles

It is simply that hostility is always towards something, never against. Don't blame me.

Too categorical. BNC has 117 "hostility towards", 4 "hostility toward", and 12 "hostility against". (Plus 229 "hostility to" and various other prepositions which wouldn't work in the example sentence).

COCA doesn't have any of the above, so there must be a difference in classification.

[poli]

I haven't heard of BNC but I assume the B stands for British. I believe
towards is more British, and toward is more American. Both are correct.
Both are commonly used in the United States.

[pjt33]

Respectively the British National Corpus and the Corpus Of Contemporary American.

[irmamar]

Why 'radicalize' instead of 'radicalise' if I'm writin in BrE? Why themselves? 'Radicalizarse' is a pronominal verb, not a reflexive one.

[Perikles]

Originally Posted by irmamar

Why 'radicalize' instead of 'radicalise' if I'm writin in BrE? Why themselves? 'Radicalizarse' is a pronominal verb, not a reflexive one.

In English, radicalize can be transitive or intransitive, so theoretically, 'themselves' is not necessary.

As for -ize, there are certain words which must have -ise (but I'm not typing the list again ). Otherwise, the spelling is rather unfixed. Generally, if a word has been taken from Latin or Greek via French, it is -ise. If not, the -ize is simply the -ιζω ending of Greek way of makng a verb from a noun. The zeta is normally z in English (but s in French, hence the difference)

[Awaken]

Originally Posted by poli

Students became radicalized as hostility toward capitalism increased.

This depends on if there is an order to the events. Were students radicalized and then hostility towards capitalism increased? Happening at the same time?

Technically poli's sentence mean they were happening at the same time. However, the above phrase indirectly may read that the increased hostility toward capitalism caused students to become radicalized.

Irmamar, your translation was fine. Perhaps you could clarify the relationship between the 2 phrases for time.

Perhaps:
"Students became radicalized which led to increased hostility towards capitalism."
"Hostility towards capitalism increased as students became radicalized."
or poli's version.

[irmamar]

OK. Thank you everybody.